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Chiral Waves and Topological Novel States in Fermi
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
42-47
Received:
31 December 2021
Accepted:
17 January 2022
Published:
12 March 2022
Abstract: This first show was that the spin system, the two nearest neighbour spin in the Entanglement of measuring compliance by the ground conditions are achieved Berry stage to the relation when it is a closed path developed is. It noted the need to share the stage in a kind of geometric phase as explained to go to which any deformations involved is not and it’s the first Stiefel-Whitney class which is to Zz–cohomology value takes. However for polarized fermions we can relate the exchange phase as the celebrated Berry phase as in this case the Zz-cohomology becomes irrelevant and is consistent with the first Chern class which involves curvature. This follows from the depiction of a fermion as a scalar particle attached with a magnetic flux line. As in this framework the measure of entanglement of two nearest neighbor spins in a spin system given by concurrence is found to be associated with the Berry phase acquired by a spin state when it evolves in a closed path we can consider that entanglement is a consequence of Fermi statistics. It has been noted that in terms of quantum field theory, the berry phase is related to the perpetual inconsistency caused by the breaking of the perpetual symmetry. As mentioned earlier the quantization procedure of a fermion in the framework of Nelson’s stochastic quantization procedure introduces an internal variable which appears as a direction vector and gives rise to spin degrees of freedom. It's pointing to is that when a spin- 1 state of two spin 1/2 state is a Entangle system as considered to be that, the most widely covered state longitudinal elements with the matching it.
Abstract: This first show was that the spin system, the two nearest neighbour spin in the Entanglement of measuring compliance by the ground conditions are achieved Berry stage to the relation when it is a closed path developed is. It noted the need to share the stage in a kind of geometric phase as explained to go to which any deformations involved is not a...
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Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Fibre Architecture on the Tensile Properties of Sisal Fibre Reinforced Polyethylene Polymer Composite
Mohammed Umar Faruk,
Ladan Ibrahim Fakai
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
48-54
Received:
11 October 2021
Accepted:
23 November 2021
Published:
29 March 2022
Abstract: This work investigates the effect of fibre architecture on the mechanical properties of composite laminates fabricated from natural sisal fibres reinforced with polyethylene polymer matrix. The main objective for this is to determine which architectural pattern produces the best material in terms of mechanical properties that can be employed for use in the fabrication of engineering components to replace the more expensive components produced from the highly expensive synthetic fibre materials. Four fibre architectural patterns were chosen and tailor-made for the study namely;±45° angled ply, 0°/90° cross ply, 90° and 0°unidirectional plies. A five layered composite laminates were manufactured from the fabrics and subjected to mechanical tensile tests using Instron universal testing machine (model 4467) having 30kN load cell attached to it and an extensometer gauge length 75mm at a crosshead speed of 200mm/min. The result of the mechanical tests revealed that the 90° laminate gives the best mechanical properties such as; elastic modulus, yield strength and tensile strength amongst the fabricated composite laminates. It was followed by the ±45° angle plied laminate, the 90° unidirectional fibre laminate and lastly the 0°unidirectional fibre laminate has the lowest mechanical properties amongst all the laminates tested. SEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces reveal that the failure modes of the laminates are characterized mostly by fibre-matrix debonding, fibre delamination, fibre splitting, fibre cracking and so on.
Abstract: This work investigates the effect of fibre architecture on the mechanical properties of composite laminates fabricated from natural sisal fibres reinforced with polyethylene polymer matrix. The main objective for this is to determine which architectural pattern produces the best material in terms of mechanical properties that can be employed for us...
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Failure Analysis Report on Fractured Torsion Bar in Suspension of a Vehicle
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
55-61
Received:
29 March 2022
Accepted:
20 April 2022
Published:
28 April 2022
Abstract: Accidents caused by fractured torsion bars in off-road vehicles (ORVs) have occurred during road tests. Through visual inspection of the fracture in the failed samples, the preliminary conclusion is that the typical torsional fracture occurs according to its ratchet shape and 45-degree cracking direction to the bar axis. The crack initiated at the side surface of the fillet on the spline end. All failed parts during road tests have identical fracture modes and crack initiation sites, which implies that they have identical failure reasons. Techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallographic observation, hardness test and spectral component analysis have been performed to obtain detailed information to diagnose the cause of failure. The result reveals that the fracture was caused by fatigue cracking initiated from the spline fillet. In addition, SEM images of the intergranular feature of the fracture initiation zone demonstrate that the untimely formation of a fatigue core and very quick expansion of the crack directly result from over-brittleness. This behavior can be ascribed to insufficient tempering after the quenching process, which was confirmed by a tempering simulation experiment: after the tempering experiment, the artificial struck fracture of the sample became a 100% dimple fracture, and the hardness distribution became more uniform and reasonable. Thus, the brittleness was eliminated, and the strength was ensured after an expanding tempering time. This investigation can provide reference value for solving and preventing such types of failures.
Abstract: Accidents caused by fractured torsion bars in off-road vehicles (ORVs) have occurred during road tests. Through visual inspection of the fracture in the failed samples, the preliminary conclusion is that the typical torsional fracture occurs according to its ratchet shape and 45-degree cracking direction to the bar axis. The crack initiated at the ...
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