Research Article
Study the Physical Properties of Zinc-Copper-Iron Alloy Coating the Mild Steel Substrate at Various Iron Content for Automobile Applications
Muhammad Haseeb-U-Rehman,
Naseeb Ahmad,
Muhammad Abbas,
Abbas Ayoub
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
83-90
Received:
13 September 2023
Accepted:
20 October 2023
Published:
14 December 2023
Abstract: The Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy was employed as a surface coating material on a mild steel substrate by the electrochemical deposition to investigate the inherent physical characteristics of underlying Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy material. The metallic films were deposited on the substrate with various Iron contents to investigate what sort of effects Iron content has. For this purpose, four samples (Zinc-Copper, Zinc-Copper-xIron) of Zinc, Copper, and Iron alloy coating on a mild steel substrate were prepared. The electrolytic bath employed in the deposition process was composed of a solution containing 0.15M Zinc Sulfate (ZnSO4), 0.15M Copper Sulfate (CuSO4), and varying concentrations (ranging from 0.00M to 0.09M) of Iron Sulfate Heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O), alongside 0.25M boric acid H3BO3) serving as a buffer. This study maintained specific operational parameters at predefined values, including a deposition time of 15-20 minutes, a temperature of 50°C, a current density of 20mA cm-2, and a pH level of 3. The investigation centered on the analysis of the crystallographic properties of the ternary alloy coating consisting of Zinc, Copper, and Iron, the examination of surface morphology, and the evaluation of mechanical characteristics. The experimental outcomes stemming from the electro deposition process, employing various concentrations of Iron, revealed several noteworthy observations. Specifically, the surface exhibited increase in smoothness, a reduction in average grain size (from 12.3 to 9.7μm) and a general diminishing trend in both lattice constants (from 3.615 to 3.608Å) and crystal size (from 105.898 to 85.944nm).
Abstract: The Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy was employed as a surface coating material on a mild steel substrate by the electrochemical deposition to investigate the inherent physical characteristics of underlying Zinc-Copper-Iron alloy material. The metallic films were deposited on the substrate with various Iron contents to investigate what sort of effects Iron c...
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Research Article
Nanoparticle Enhances Fracture Strength in FSP Aluminium Alloys
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, November 2023
Pages:
91-104
Received:
28 June 2023
Accepted:
25 July 2023
Published:
28 December 2023
Abstract: The grain refinement effects and the ageing behaviour of aluminium alloys have been studied on the basis of OM, EPMA, FESEM, SEM, TEM, hardness measurements and mechanical properties. Grain refinement markedly achieved due to effectively consider at variable scandium contents (eg. hypereutectic composition) in cast aluminium alloys. The nanoparticles are fully coherent in matrix and its low lattice misfits (1.5%) caused well strong interaction with defects and dispersive characteristic. These alloys potentially revealed nanosized precipitates namely GP-zones, ή/η and Al3Sc (L12) particles. The TEM micrographs revealed homogeneous distribution of nanoparticles after T6 treatment and measured nanosized Al3Sc particles (30-50 nm) after FSP. The FSP has potentially refine grains which is known to Zener pinning mechanism due to inhibit grain growth. Notably, FSP had been measured after T4+FSP+Aged at 140°C for 2h (SFA), and related mechanical properties significantly achieved likely UTS of 329 MPa, ductility of 8.9%, hardness of 147.8HV and KIC of 3.42-32.6 MPa√m in SZ, but fracture strength and ductility decline drastically in high scandium contents (0.87 wt.%) about 178 MPa and 4%, respectively. The aim is to determine the fracture strength for dispersive nanosized particles during FSP and subsequently TEM and SEM fractography analysis.
Abstract: The grain refinement effects and the ageing behaviour of aluminium alloys have been studied on the basis of OM, EPMA, FESEM, SEM, TEM, hardness measurements and mechanical properties. Grain refinement markedly achieved due to effectively consider at variable scandium contents (eg. hypereutectic composition) in cast aluminium alloys. The nanoparticl...
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